Steel composition and properties

Steel is a metallic material based mainly on iron. Its properties are adjusted through carbon and alloying elements. Carbon content and heat treatment influence hardness, strength, ductility and machinability. Elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, manganese and vanadium are added to achieve specific performance. Grades with similar names can behave differently under different standards or heat-treatment conditions.

How to select a steel grade

Consider loads, wear, temperature, corrosion, welding and machining together. Structural, case-hardening, heat-treatable, stainless and tool steels serve different purposes. For moulds and cutting tools, hardenability, dimensional stability, toughness and surface hardness may matter. Check the material certificate, standard, delivery condition and required heat treatment.